Показ дописів із міткою Culture. Показати всі дописи
Показ дописів із міткою Culture. Показати всі дописи

понеділок, 24 серпня 2015 р.

Cossacks



Cossacks were called union of men who inhabited southeastern territory of modern Ukraine, which fought against the enemies. Cossacks first mentioned in the late 15th century as rivals of Turkish troops. 
 
The Cossacks played a major role in the history of Ukraine. They created their own state, fought against enemy states.
The Cossacks had their unique political structure and lifestyle. Cossacks lived in winter houses. For protection they built the Siches - territories, fenced with palisade. 
Sich was not only a protective fortress. On its territory there was a church, blacksmithes, outbuildings. Cossacks solved an important political questions and problems at the territory of Sich. The leader of Cossacks was Hetman, which was elected at Sich.
Throughout the history of the Zaporozzhian Cossacks (because of Zaporizzhya – region, where Cossacks built their “fortresses”), they fought against Poland, the Russian state, the Crimean Khanate and Turkey. 
The most glorious period of the Cossacks was period under reign of Hetman Bohdan Khmelnytsky (1648-1657). Cossacks liberated from the enemy a large territory of our state.
About history of the Cossacks are written many books. Are popular films and music, devoted to Cossacks. Cossacks made a great contribution to development of Ukrainian and European culture.
For more information
 
 
Song 1 
Song 2 
And well known computer game

Volyn Serpanok



How much do you know about Ukrainian culture? One of its important elements is the national dress. In each region it was different. One of them is well-known Volyn serpanok. Volyn serpanok – is a very thin tissue that has been popular in northwestern Ukraine since the 16th century. Serpanok was produced with linen at home looms. With the serpanok were made clothes and headgears. The unique technique of manufacturing cloth is known today. Talented women reflect the unique art.
Volyn serpanok Researchers want the world to know about the art, and plans to include the Ukrainian fabric to the UNESCO list of world.
Серпанок 

Серпанок 

Серпанок 

Photos are taken from

середа, 12 серпня 2015 р.

Kyrylo Kozhumyaka

Once upon a time there was a ruler in the city of Kyiv during whose time a Serpent had settled near the city, demanding that every year tribute be paid to him, and threatening destruction if he did not get it. And the tribute was to be either a young man or a young girl. Then came time when it was the Grand Duke’s turn to give his young daughter to the monster. All the residents of the city had already given away their young men and women and the Grand Prince could not refuse to sacrifice his own child. 
The girl was so good looking that no words could describe her beauty. The Serpent when he saw her immediately fell in love with her.
Once, choosing a proper moment, she asked him in a gentle voice,
“Tell me, is there anybody in the whole world who would be able to overwhelm you in battle?”

Replies the Serpent, “Yes, there is such a man in Kyiv, the city that stands by the river Dnipro. When he lights fire in his house, the smoke for the chimney rises to the skies, and when he goes to the river to soak hides in the water — for by occupation he is kozhumyaka, dresser of rawhides, then he carries twelve hides at a time, rather than just one. When the hides swell, filled out with water, I sometimes catch hold of these hides and wait for him to come and pull them out of the water, thinking to myself, Will he be able to do it? But he does not seem to notice there’s an extra weight — he pulls so mightily, that if I didn’t let go he’d pull me out of the water too. So, he’s only one I’m afeared of.”
The princess carefully stored what the Serpent had said in her memory and began thinking how she could contrive to send a little message to her father and to the wide free world. But there was no one who could deliver her message, except for her dove whom she had brought with her from Kyiv. She had raised the dove since he was a fledgling.
She kept thinking about what to write and how to get her message to her father for quite some time. Then found a piece of bast and wrote on it, “Father, dear, be advised that there lives in that city of yours, many-domed Kyiv, a man named Kyrylo who also has a nickname, Kozhumyaka. Dear Father, send the elders to him who should ask him whether he would be kind enough to take the Serpent on and fight him and set me, your poor daughter, free. Beg him, my dear Father, to do it, promise him gifts, lest he take offence at some words you say.
She wrote it and fixed the bust under the dove’s wing, and told the dove to fly away all the way to Kyiv and take her message to her Father. The dove soared high and flew on to Kyiv. At last, he arrived at the Prince’s palace and alit in the courtyard. There were Prince’s children, playing in the yard who saw the dove and guessed he had brought a message from their sister.
They rushed to their father with the glad news. The Prince was overjoyed to hear about a message but then he thought the dove had brought bad news. And he grew sorrowful, saying,
“This cursed Serpent must have done my dear child in!”
He gently spoke to the dove, and when the dove let the Grand Duke take him in his hands, the Grand Duke discovered a rolled piece of bast under the bird’s wing.
The Grand Duke read what was written there and summoned all of his senior men brought to him.
“Is there someone in Kyiv who is named Kyrylo Kozhumyaka?” asks the Grand Duke.
“Yes, my lord, there is one so named. He lives by the riverside. But he is all by himself and never takes orders from anyone.”
“Is there a way to approach him in such a manner that he does not take offence and agrees to do what we’ll ask him to do?”
So they held council and asked the Kyiv elders to go to Kozhumyaka’s place and beg him to do battle with the Serpent. The elders went to Kozhumyaka’s house, knocked on the door. But there was no answer. They opened the door and peeped in. Inside they saw a huge man sitting with his back to them on the floor and dressing twelve hides at the same time. One of the elders made a coughing noise to attract Kozhumyaka’s attention. The man turned too fast and inadvertently ripped the hides apart.
The elders begin saying, “Our Grand Duke has sent us to you with a request…”
But Kozhumyaka does not want even to listen to them — he is so angry that because of them he has spoiled twelve hides. The elders keep begging him but they draw no response from the man, and they left, their heads hung low.
The Grand Duke was upset when they told him what had happened.
What should I do, he thinks. He is dismayed and all his senior men are dismayed too. Then he says,
“What if we send younger people to plead with Kozhumyaka?”
The younger people go to see Kozhumyaka but they return empty-handed. He did not want to talk to us, they say, we begged him but he would not listen. He is mad as a hornet.
The Grand Duke thinks hard what to do next and then tells several children to go to Kozhumyaka’s place and plead with him.
The children went to Kozhumyaka’s place and stood around him and began to plead, weeping, and when Kozhumyaka saw their tears he began crying himself, and said,
“All right, I’ll do it for you.”
So he comes to the palace and shaking his great beard tells the Grand Duke,
“I need twelve barrels of tar and twelve wagonloads of hemp.”
When all of it is brought to him, Kozhumyaka wraps himself in hemp and then smears the tar thickly all over the hemp.
Thus attired, Kozhumyaka picks up the biggest mace there is and off he goes to do battle with the Serpent.
The Serpent spots him coming and asks,
“Hey, Kyrylo, have you come to do battle with me or to make peace?”
“No peace with you but only battle,” answers Kozhumyaka.
And they begin to fight so fiercely that the earth shakes and groans. The Serpent lunges forward and wants to sink his teeth into Kozhumyaka but instead of flesh he gets his teeth into the hemp and tar. As the Serpent spits out the mouthful of tarred hemp, Kozhumyaka brings down his war club on the Serpent’s head so hard that the Serpent sinks into the ground.
When the Serpent feels he is getting too hot from fighting this pitched battle he rushes to the water and takes a dip to cool off a bit and assuage thirst, Kozhumyaka puts fresh hemp on himself and spreads a good measure of tar on top. The Serpent gets out of the water and charges at Kozhumyaka but the man lets him have it again hard from his mace. He keeps hitting the Serpent again and again. The earth trembles and groans, the echo travels far and wide. The Serpent gets hotter and hotter inside from the blows, as a piece of metal gets red-hot under the blows delivered by a blacksmith. The Serpent becomes as fiery hot as the furnace in a smithy. Sparks are flying, the earth quakes and rumbles.
And then bang! — the Serpent blows up! The earth heaves and then everything grows quiet. The Serpent is no more.
 
There were many people standing around who had gathered to watch the battle from the tops of the hills. When they saw the Serpent go up in flames, they cheered mightily,
“Hurrah to Kozhumyaka! Good boy Kozhumyaka!”



Source:
http://www.wumag.kiev.ua/index2.php?param=pgs20044/134

Ivasyk-Telesyk

Once upon a time, there lived a man and his wife. Years passed, they grew old but they remained childless. “Who will take care of us when we get feeble and die,” bemoaned they their sorry condition. One day the woman tells her husband, “Go to the forest, find a nice piece of wood and bring it home. We’ll make a cradle, I’ll put that piece of wood into the cradle and rock it to sleep. It’ll comfort me a little.”
At first, the man refused to do it but his wife kept begging, and finally he yielded to her entreaties. He went to the forest, cut down a sturdy branch, returned home and made a cradle. They put the branch into the cradle and the woman began rocking it and singing lullabies,
Sleep, baby, sleep,
Go into sleep deep,
O Telesyk, my boy,
Bring us joy!
Telesyk, Ukrainian folk fairy tale
She kept rocking the cradle well into the night, and rocked herself to sleep. When she woke up in the morning she discovered a little boy in the cradle. What a joy it was for the old man and the old woman to see this miracle happen. They gave the boy a pretty name, Ivasyk-Telesyk.
The boy grew fast, and soon he became very handsome and so nice that the old man and his wife were overjoyed and delighted.
When he grew some more, he said, “Father, make a little gold boat for me and a little silver oar. I’ll go fishing and will catch enough fish to feed you.”
The old man made a little gold boat and a little silver oar for Telesyk, and took it to the river and put it on the water. Telesyk climbed into the boat and went fishing. He had a good catch and brought the fish home. The fish was cooked and the old couple ate and had their fill. And Telesyk went back fishing.
The old woman said she would bring food for Telesyk. “When I start calling you, please come back to the bank, but if you hear someone else calling you, keep away.”
She cooked breakfast for Telesyk, brought it to the bank and started calling,
“Ivasyk-Telesyk, my boy,
Come back here to enjoy
Food and drink, ahoy!”
Telesyk heard her calling him.
“Come closer, my boy, it’s me, your mother, I’ve brought some food for you!
He steered his boat to the place where she was standing, got out of the boat, ate and had his fill, then climbed back into the boat, pushed off, and went fishing again.
But the serpent that was hiding in the bushes, heard how Telesyk’s mother called Telesyk to get back to the bank and now she began calling to the boy himself,
“Ivasyk-Telesyk, my boy,
Come back here to enjoy
Food and drink, ahoy!”
But the serpent had a gruff voice, and though the boy heard the call, he said to himself,
“No, it’s not my mother’s voice! Sail on, my boat! Sail on!”
And he put the oar into the water and started rowing. The serpent waited and waited on the bank, but seeing that the boy was not coming, he turned and went away.
In the meantime, the old woman cooked lunch for Telesyk and brought it to the river. She stood on the bank and began calling out,
“Ivasyk-Telesyk, my boy,
Come back here to enjoy
Food and drink, ahoy!”
Telesyk heard her calling and turned his boat towards the bank, “Sail, my boat, sail to the bank! It’s my mother calling me to give me lunch.”
He climbed out of the boat, ate and had his fill, gave his mother the fish that he had caught, climbed back into the boat, pushed off, and went fishing again.
Then the serpent came back to the bank again and started calling in the same gruff voice,
“Ivasyk-Telesyk, my boy,
Come back here to enjoy
Food and drink, ahoy!”
Telesyk heard the call but he knew it was not his mother’s voice. He put the oar into the water and started rowing away. “Sail on, my boat! Sail on!”
The serpent, seeing she could not lure the boy to the bank, left and went straight to the blacksmith. “Hey, blacksmith, forge a very thin voice for me, a voice like Telesyk’s mother’s!”
And the blacksmith did as he was bidden. The serpent returned to the river and started calling,
“Ivasyk-Telesyk, my boy,
Come back here to enjoy
Food and drink, ahoy!”
Telesyk heard the call and thought it was his mother calling out to him.
“Sail, my boat, sail to the bank. It’s my mother calling me. She’s brought food for me!”
The moment he reached the bank, the serpent jumped out of the bushes, grabbed the boy and brought him to her house.
The serpent knocked on the door, and shouted,
“Olenka, little serpent, open the door!”
Olenka, the serpent’s daughter, opened the door, and the serpent walked in.
“Now, Olenka, get the oven so hot that the stones become red, and bake this boy well. I’ll go and borrow some salt.
The serpent turned and left. 
Olenka gets the oven so hot the stones become red, and says,
“Now, Telesyk, get on this shovel!”
And he says,
“I don’t know how.”
Olenka says,
“O come on, just climb on it!”
He puts a hand on the shovel and says,
“Like this?”
“No, not just the hand, get all of yourself onto the shovel!”
Telesyk puts his head on the shovel.
“Like this?”
“No! No! Not like this!”
“But how?” says Telesyk. “Show me how to do it!”
She climbed onto the shovel and the moment she did it, Telesyk grabbed hold of the handle and shoved the shovel with Olenka the Serpent on it into the oven. Then he ran out, closing the door.
Telesyk climbed the tallest maple tree that stood close by and hid himself there.
The serpent arrived quickly.
They began looking around. They searched here and there and everywhere, and at last spotted Telesyk hiding in the maple tree. They rushed to the tree and began gnawing at it. They stopped gnawing only when the serpent had all teeth broken against the hard wood. But they failed to bring the tree down. And she rushed to the blacksmith.
“Hey, blacksmith, forge me strong teeth so that I’ll be able to gnaw through that tree!”
And the blacksmith did as bidden. She rushed back to the tree and began gnawing at it again. The tree began to sway. As it was about to topple, Telesyk saw a flight of geese flying over him. He called out to them,
“O geese, high in the sky, kind geese,
Pick me up from this tree, o please,
Carry me back to my dad,
Who never treats anyone bad,
He’ll give you drink and food,
A place to rest, and you’ll feel good!”
But the front geese said,
“Let those in the middle pick you up!” And flew on.
The tree is shaking, about to topple. And Telesyk calls out again,
“O geese, high in the sky, kind geese,
Pick me up from this tree, o please,
Carry me back to my dad,
Who never treats anyone bad,
He’ll give you drink and food,
A place to rest, and you’ll feel good!”
But the geese in the middle of the flight said,
“Let those in the back pick you up!” And flew on.
And the maple tree began leaning to the side. The serpents took a little rest and then got back to gnawing at the trunk. And Telesyk called out again,
“O geese, high in the sky, kind geese,
Pick me up from this tree, o please,
Carry me back to my dad,
Who never treats anyone bad,
He’ll give you drink and food,
A place to rest, and you’ll feel good!”
“Let that last one pick you up!” And flew on.
And the maple tree was already leaning, about to fall. Telesyk saw the last goose that was lagging behind all the others. It was small and very tired and could hardly keep itself in the air. Telesyk called out to it,
“O little, little goose, hurry up,
From this tree, pick me up,
Carry me home, to my dad, he’s best,
He’ll give you food and a place to rest!”
He’ll give you water, he’ll feed you up,
Then you’ll fly up again, and up and up!” 
And the little goose picked Telesyk from the tree. It could not fly high and flew close to the ground. The serpent gave chase but failed to catch up with the goose.
Telesyk, Ukrainian folk fairy tale
The goose carried Telesyk all the way to his house, put him down on the ground in the backyard, and began grazing. Telesyk walked over to the window and heard the old woman say,
“Take this cake, my dear, and I will take one for myself.”
And Telesyk called out through the window,
“What about me?”
Then the old woman took another cake from the oven and offered it to her old man,
“Take this cake, my dear, and I will take one for myself.”
And Telesyk called out through the window again,
“What about me?”
And they heard him this time. Whose voice is that?
“Have you heard it, my dear? A voice calling?”
“Yes,” said the old man, “I think I heard a voice too.”
And then she took another cake from the oven and said,
“Take this cake, my dear, and I will take one for myself.”
“What about me?” called out Telesyk again.
“Yes, a voice calls out again!” And she looked out the window and saw Telesyk.
They rushed out of the house, picked Telesyk up and carried him into the house. How happy they were!
The little goose was strutting around in the yard. The old woman saw it and said,
“Look, there’s a goose walking about the yard! I’ll catch it and butcher it and cook a meal!”
And she made as if to go but Telesyk cried out,
“No, mother, don’t catch him! Better give him some food! If it were not for him, I would not be here with you!”
And they gave the little goose food and drink, and put millet under his wings to last him on his journey. And then the little goose flew away.